.subpage-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 100;
    width: 100%;
    padding-block: 1.625rem;
    padding-inline: max(2rem, calc((100% - 76rem) / 2));
    background-color: var(--main-bg-color);
    border-bottom: 0.125rem solid var(--main-color);

    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.subpage-header-logo {
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.subpage-header-logo img {
    height: 4rem;
    width: auto;
    display: block;
    transition: var(--hover-transition-time);
}

.subpage-header-logo:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
    translate: var(--block-hover-translate) var(--block-hover-translate);
}

/* ── Breadcrumb ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.subpage-breadcrumb {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 0.625rem;
    min-width: 0;
}

.breadcrumb-parent {
    font-size: 2.75rem;
    font-weight: var(--fw-h1);
    line-height: 1.1;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    color: var(--main-color);
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--hover-transition-time);

    &:hover {
        opacity: 0.5;
    }
}

.breadcrumb-sep {
    font-size: 2.75rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--main-color);
    opacity: 0.25;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.breadcrumb-current {
    font-size: 1.375rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--main-color);
    opacity: 0.5;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    min-width: 0;
}

@media (width <= 48rem) {
    .subpage-header {
        padding-block: 1rem;
        padding-inline: 1.5rem;
        gap: 1.25rem;
    }

    .subpage-header-logo img {
        height: 3rem;
    }

    .breadcrumb-parent {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }

    .breadcrumb-sep {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }

    .breadcrumb-current {
        font-size: 1.0625rem;
    }
}

/* Subpage section layout (replaces section:has(.section-title) for subpages) */
#members,
#news {
    width: min(100%, 80rem);
    margin-inline: auto;
    padding: 4rem 2rem 8rem;
}

/* ── Members subpage redesign ─────────────────────────────────────── */

.members-subpage {
    /* Override the generic #members h3 border treatment */
    & .mem-group-title {
        border-bottom: none !important;
        margin-block: 3rem 0 !important;
        padding-block-end: 0 !important;

        font-size: 0.6875rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: 0.14em;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        color: var(--main-color);
        opacity: 0.4 !important;
    }

    & .mem-group:first-child .mem-group-title {
        margin-block-start: 0 !important;
    }

    /* ── Member row ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

    & .mem-rows {
        margin-block-start: 1rem;
        border-top: 0.0625rem solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 14%, transparent);
    }

    & .mem-row {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        gap: 1.5rem;
        padding-block: 1.75rem;
        padding-inline-start: 1.25rem;
        padding-inline-end: 0.25rem;
        border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 14%, transparent);
        text-decoration: none;
        transition: background var(--hover-transition-time);

        &.mem-row--link {
            cursor: pointer;

            &:hover {
                background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 3%, transparent);

                & .mem-row-photo {
                    translate: calc(-1 * var(--block-hover-translate)) calc(-1 * var(--block-hover-translate));
                    box-shadow: var(--block-hover-shadow-shift) var(--block-hover-shadow-shift) var(--main-shadow-color);
                    border-radius: calc(1.5 * 0.3125rem);
                }

                & .mem-row-arrow {
                    opacity: 0.7;
                    & svg { translate: 0.3rem 0; }
                }
            }

            &:active {
                & .mem-row-photo {
                    translate: 0 0;
                    box-shadow: var(--block-shadow-shift) var(--block-shadow-shift) var(--main-shadow-color);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* Photo + info grouped as one block component */
    & .mem-card {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 2.5rem;
        flex: 1;
        min-width: 0;
    }

    /* Portrait 3:4 photo — consistent regardless of source image shape */
    & .mem-row-photo {
        --_img-width: 9rem;
        --_img-border-w: 0.1875rem;
        --_img-border-r: 0.3125rem;

        --_block-width: calc(var(--_img-width) + 2 * var(--_img-border-w));
        /* 3:4 portrait: height = width × 4/3 */
        --_block-height: calc(var(--_img-width) * 4 / 3 + 2 * var(--_img-border-w));
        --_adjusted-border-width: var(--_img-border-w);
        --_adjusted-border-radius: var(--_img-border-r);
        --_adjusted-shadow-shift: var(--block-shadow-shift);
        --_content-width: calc((1 + tan(var(--content-skew))) * var(--_img-width));

        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        background-size: auto 100%;
        transition: var(--hover-transition-time);
        flex-shrink: 0;

        & img {
            /* Fill the portrait container regardless of source image dimensions */
            height: var(--_block-height);
            object-fit: cover;
            object-position: center 15%;
        }
    }

    & .mem-row-info {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.375rem;
        min-width: 0;
    }

    & .mem-row-names {
        display: flex;
        align-items: baseline;
        gap: 0.625rem;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    & .mem-row-en {
        font-size: 2.25rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        line-height: 1;
        letter-spacing: -0.025em;
        color: var(--main-color);
    }

    & .mem-row-zh {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
        font-weight: 500;
        line-height: 1;
        opacity: 0.45;
        color: var(--main-color);
    }

    & .mem-row-position {
        margin-block-start: 0.25rem;

        & p {
            margin: 0;
            line-height: 1.35;

            &:first-child {
                font-size: 1rem;
                font-weight: 600;
                color: var(--main-color-2);
                margin-block-end: 0.2rem;
            }

            &:not(:first-child) {
                font-size: 0.875rem;
                opacity: 0.55;
                color: var(--main-color);
            }
        }
    }

    & .mem-row-links {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: 0.5rem;
        margin-block-start: 0.625rem;

        & .mem-row-tag {
            --_adjusted-padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
            --_adjusted-font-size: 0.8125rem;
            --_adjusted-border-radius: 0.1875rem;

            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 0.3rem;

            /* Icon sized to match tag font (0.8125rem) */
            & svg {
                width: 0.8125rem;
                height: 0.8125rem;
            }
        }
    }

    & .mem-row-arrow {
        flex-shrink: 0;
        opacity: 0.2;
        transition: opacity var(--hover-transition-time);

        /* Arrow sized to match position text context (~1rem) */
        & svg {
            width: 1rem;
            height: 1rem;
            display: block;
            transition: translate var(--hover-transition-time);
        }
    }

    /* ── Alumni grid ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

    & .mem-group--alumni .filter {
        margin-block: 1rem 0;
    }

    & .mem-alum-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(6rem, 1fr));
        gap: 2rem 1.25rem;
        margin-block-start: 1.5rem;
    }

    & .mem-alum-card {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 0.625rem;
        text-decoration: none;

        &[href] {
            cursor: pointer;

            &:hover {
                & .mem-alum-photo {
                    translate: calc(-1 * var(--block-hover-translate)) calc(-1 * var(--block-hover-translate));
                    box-shadow: var(--block-hover-shadow-shift) var(--block-hover-shadow-shift) var(--main-shadow-color);
                    border-radius: calc(1.5 * 0.25rem);
                }
                & .mem-alum-name {
                    translate: calc(-1 * var(--block-hover-translate)) calc(-1 * var(--block-hover-translate));
                }
            }
            &:active {
                & .mem-alum-photo {
                    translate: 0 0;
                    box-shadow: var(--block-shadow-shift) var(--block-shadow-shift) var(--main-shadow-color);
                }
                & .mem-alum-name { translate: 0 0; }
            }
        }
    }

    /* Alumni photo — portrait 3:4, consistent with current member photos */
    & .mem-alum-photo {
        --_img-width: 5.5rem;
        --_img-border-w: 0.125rem;
        --_img-border-r: 0.25rem;

        --_block-width: calc(var(--_img-width) + 2 * var(--_img-border-w));
        /* 3:4 portrait */
        --_block-height: calc(var(--_img-width) * 4 / 3 + 2 * var(--_img-border-w));
        --_adjusted-border-width: var(--_img-border-w);
        --_adjusted-border-radius: var(--_img-border-r);
        --_adjusted-shadow-shift: var(--block-shadow-shift);
        --_content-width: calc((1 + tan(var(--content-skew))) * var(--_img-width));

        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        background-size: auto 100%;
        transition: var(--hover-transition-time);
        flex-shrink: 0;

        & img {
            /* Fill the portrait container consistently */
            height: var(--_block-height);
            object-fit: cover;
            object-position: center 15%;
        }
    }

    & .mem-alum-name {
        text-align: center;
        transition: translate var(--hover-transition-time);

        & .mem-alum-en {
            display: block;
            font-size: 1rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            line-height: 1.2;
            color: var(--main-color);
        }

        & .mem-alum-zh {
            display: block;
            font-size: 0.8125rem;
            opacity: 0.5;
            color: var(--main-color);
            margin-block-start: 0.1rem;
        }
    }

    /* ── Responsive ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

    @media (width <= 48rem) {
        & .mem-row {
            gap: 0.75rem;
            padding-block: 1.25rem;
        }

        & .mem-card { gap: 1.5rem; }

        & .mem-row-arrow { display: none; }

        & .mem-row-photo {
            --_img-width: 7rem;
        }

        & .mem-row-en { font-size: 1.75rem; }
        & .mem-row-zh { font-size: 1rem; }

        & .mem-alum-grid {
            grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(5rem, 1fr));
            gap: 1.5rem 0.75rem;
        }

        & .mem-alum-photo {
            --_img-width: 4.5rem;
        }
    }
}

/* ── Principal Investigator featured row ──────────────────────────────── */

.mem-group--pi {
    & .mem-row-photo {
        --_img-width: 11rem;
    }

    & .mem-row-names {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.375rem;
    }

    & .mem-row-en {
        font-size: 2.75rem;
        letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    }

    & .mem-row-zh {
        font-size: 1.375rem;
        opacity: 0.5;
    }

    & .mem-row-position {
        margin-block-start: 0.5rem;

        & p:first-child {
            font-size: 1.0625rem;
        }

        & p:not(:first-child) {
            font-size: 0.9375rem;
        }
    }

    & .mem-row-links {
        margin-block-start: 1rem;
    }

    @media (width <= 48rem) {
        & .mem-row-photo {
            --_img-width: 8rem;
        }

        & .mem-row-en { font-size: 2rem; }
        & .mem-row-zh { font-size: 1.125rem; }
    }
}

/* ── News Archive Page ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

/* Filter bar */
.news-filter-bar {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-block-end: 3.5rem;
}

.news-filter-tab {
    padding: 0.375rem 1.125rem;
    border: 0.125rem solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 22%, transparent);
    border-radius: 2rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    color: var(--main-color);
    background: transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0.5;
    transition:
        opacity var(--hover-transition-time),
        background var(--hover-transition-time),
        border-color var(--hover-transition-time),
        color var(--hover-transition-time);

    &:hover {
        opacity: 0.85;
        border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 45%, transparent);
    }

    &.is-active {
        opacity: 1;
        background: var(--main-color);
        color: var(--main-bg-color);
        border-color: var(--main-color);
    }

    &:focus-visible {
        outline: 0.125rem solid var(--main-color);
        outline-offset: 0.25rem;
    }
}

/* Reveal animation — fires when hidden is removed by JS */
@keyframes newsReveal {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

.news-all-section,
.news-cat-section {
    animation: newsReveal 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

/* Category section */
.news-cat-section {
    margin-block-end: 4rem;
}

.news-cat-title {
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--main-color);
    opacity: 0.4;
    margin-block-end: 1rem;
}

/* Rows container */
.news-rows {
    border-top: 0.0625rem solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 12%, transparent);
}

/* Individual row */
.news-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 5.5rem 1fr auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding-block: 1.125rem;
    padding-inline: 0.75rem;
    border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 12%, transparent);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.news-row--link {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background var(--hover-transition-time);

    &:hover {
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color) 4%, transparent);

        & .news-row-title {
            opacity: 0.65;
        }

        & .news-row-arrow {
            opacity: 0.6;

            & svg {
                translate: 0.2rem 0;
            }
        }
    }

    /* external links: arrow goes up-right on hover */
    &[target="_blank"]:hover .news-row-arrow svg {
        translate: 0.15rem -0.15rem;
    }
}

/* Date column */
.news-row-date {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.news-row-mm {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--main-color);
    opacity: 0.45;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.news-row-yy {
    font-size: 1.375rem;
    font-weight: var(--fw-h1);
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    line-height: 1.1;
    color: var(--main-color);
}

/* Body wrapper (used in all-view to stack badge + title) */
.news-row-body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    min-width: 0;
}

/* Category badge — color-coded pill (only in all-view) */
.news-row-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    width: fit-content;
    font-size: 0.625rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
    border-radius: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.6;

    &[data-cat="Events and Exchanges"] {
        color: var(--main-color-2);
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--main-color-2) 13%, transparent);
    }

    &[data-cat="Honors and Recognitions"] {
        color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--secondary-color) 70%, #4a4a00);
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--secondary-color) 22%, transparent);
    }

    &[data-cat="Community and Outreach"] {
        color: var(--r-green);
        background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--r-green) 13%, transparent);
    }
}

/* Title */
.news-row-title {
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--main-color);
    transition: opacity var(--hover-transition-time);
    margin: 0;
}

/* Arrow */
.news-row-arrow {
    opacity: 0.18;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--hover-transition-time);

    & svg {
        width: 0.875rem;
        height: 0.875rem;
        display: block;
        fill: var(--main-color);
        transition: translate var(--hover-transition-time);
    }
}

/* ── Responsive ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

@media (width <= 48rem) {
    .news-filter-tab {
        font-size: 0.8125rem;
        padding: 0.3rem 0.875rem;
    }

    .news-row {
        grid-template-columns: 4rem 1fr auto;
        gap: 0.875rem;
        padding-inline: 0.25rem;
        padding-block: 1rem;
    }

    .news-row-mm {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
    }

    .news-row-yy {
        font-size: 1.125rem;
    }

    .news-row-title {
        font-size: 0.9375rem;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .news-all-section,
    .news-cat-section {
        animation: none;
    }

    .news-filter-tab,
    .news-row--link,
    .news-row-title,
    .news-row-arrow,
    .news-row-arrow svg {
        transition: none;
    }
}